West Nile virus causes severe disease in less than 1% of cases

West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and is transmitted mainly through the bite of infected mosquitoes, especially of the Culex genus. This virus affects both humans and animals, especially birds, which are the main hosts of the virus. In fact, the infection is mainly transmitted through the bite of mosquitoes that have previously bitten birds carrying the virus.

How is the West Nile virus transmitted?

• Mosquito bites: This is the most common way the virus is transmitted. Mosquitoes that have bitten infected birds can transmit the virus to people and other animals when they bite them.
• Blood transfusion and transplants: In very rare cases, the virus can be transmitted through blood transfusions, organ or tissue transplants from an infected donor.
• From mother to child: There are also rare cases where an infected mother can transmit the virus to her child during pregnancy, childbirth or through breastfeeding.

Who can be affected?

In a small percentage of cases (less than 1%), the virus can cause serious neurological diseases such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis, especially in older people or those with a weakened immune system.

Symptoms

It should be noted that many people infected with West Nile virus do not develop symptoms, but among those who do, symptoms can range from mild to severe.

1. Mild symptoms (febrile):

Affects approximately 20% of infected people and may include:

• Headache
• Muscle or joint pain
• Eye pain
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Skin rashes (especially on the chest, abdomen or back)

These symptoms usually last a few days but fatigue may persist for weeks.

2. Severe symptoms (neuroinvasive):

They affect less than 1% of infected people, but can be very serious and affect the central nervous system. Symptoms may include:

• Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
• Meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
• Muscle weakness
• Disorientation or confusion
• Seizures Loss of consciousness or coma
• Stiff neck
• Muscle tremors or spasms

Older people and those with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to developing severe forms of the disease. If you suspect you have been exposed to West Nile virus and have any of the symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor to evaluate the situation.

Is there any treatment to combat the West Nile virus?

There is no vaccine or specific treatment for West Nile virus. Treatment is based on alleviating symptoms and, in the most severe cases, providing intensive medical support in hospitals.